The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Rehoboam, King of Judah {in his 5th year) People: People of Judah: Armies of Benjamin and Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King Shishak of Egypt People: Egyptians, Egyptian Army: 1200 Chariots, 60,000 horsemen; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians. 2 Chr 12:3
Object of the Battle	Shishak comes against Judah in Rehoboam's 5th year. He And he took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house; he even took away all: and he took away all the shields of gold which Solomon had made. I Kings 14: 26 Part of the object was to defend Judah and Jerusalem against the attack, the shield's were remade from brass. The reason for the Shishak's success is stated quite clearly: Then came Shemaiah the prophet to Rehoboam, and [to] the princes of Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak.
Strategies of the Battle	Shishak comes against Jerusalem and first takes the 'fenced cities' 1 Chron 12: Shishak comes against Rehoboam and Judah and spoils their armory, essentially, including shields of gold. Rehoboam does not remake the gold shields but replaces the shields with brass shield immediately and commits them to the "chief of the guard which kept the King's House".
Place of the Battle	Jerusalem at the Palace and Temple.
Intelligence	There is no mention of intelligence or information regarding the battle: in fact it was probably not known until the battle, for the Temple and King's Palace would have been the most intensely guarded. The Prophet Shemaiah does come to Rehoboam after the cities are taken with the reason, but not with forwarning. the reason is the forsaking of God. Judah's men admit God's righteousness. 2 Chron 12:5.
Results of the Battle	Shishak and his men conquer the fenced cities of Jerusalem Shishak and his men take the gold shields from the Kings House and Palace Because Judah repents, God grants them some restoration: "I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak. " 2 Chron 12:7 Judah rearms with strong but lesser weapons. Some of Judah comes to "know servitude". 2Ch 12:8 Nevertheless they shall be his servants; that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries.
Reward	Gold shields of Solomon for Shishak Treasures from the House of the LORD for Shishak Treasures from the King's House. defeat of the fenced cities-any spoil from there
Spiritual Implications	Matthew Henry notes that Solomon and David fill the treasuries in God's way and will, but Rehoboam causes them to be emptied. The Division of Israel when Rehoboam listens to unwise counsel of those he grew up with in the Palace instead of his Father's aged advisors, and the sin of division, primarily Jeroboam's but secondarily Rehoboams, has repercussions until the Captivity: this war is one. Judah's repentance here parallels the obedience of Rehoboam when the wars start: that appears to be his one redeeming quality. When Judah's men realize that the reason for the spoiling of Jerusalem is their refusing to walk in the ways of the LORD, made clear by Shemaiah, they turn immediately and repent. The Hebrew word for 'bow' is used even to indicate their entry into the house of God. Upon repentance, their consequences are lessened: Shishak spoils the treasuries, but he does not take Jerusalem and Judah continues. The Lord makes it clear that part of the servitude was so that Judah's men could know the ways of the nations. Interesting He says also 'that they may know my service: sometimes servitude under a foreign king can also be within the sovereign grace of God's classroom. Egypt's spoiling of Jerusalem in the 5th year indicates an opportunism. Egypt later falls and is decimated for refusing to stand in Judah or Israel's defense: it is among the 'burdens' seen by Isaiah. Alliances for trade and peace had been made with Egypt, and David had opened the road of travel and trade between Egypt and Israel, but while at first that led to peace and cooperation it soon became the means of attack on Rehoboam's reign. As soon as the division occurred, Egypt made its move to spoil the treasures in Jerusalem, by brute force (60,000 men and 1200 chariots). The spiritual fence of Israel had been taken down by division and refusal to walk in the ways of God. Once the Gold shields of Solomon were taken, the lesser protection was made in its place: still strong and beautiful but not nearly the same quality or strength. There was no lapse in Israel's defense. The sin of Israel caused a lapse in their safety and protection, but the repentance of Judah caused an immediate, though lesser restoration and defense.
Implications for Faith	Division causes fences to go down and allows the adversaries of God to attack and win over God's people. Immediate repentance is better than no repentance, and may bring relief. In addition to sorrowing over sin, the acknowledgement of the sin is necessary. A sin committed and not reconciled for some time continues to have repercussions sometimes even over years, and sometimes progressively worse. When a form of captivity or servitude is put on a person, e.g. an oppressive job, or debt, etc, even that can be either a work of the LORD or an opportunity the LORD uses to teach his children love and obedience and the ways of God. Here, the servitude is purposeful, and the LORD denotes it as His, even though under Shishak, a foreign King.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteShishak: Sheshonk I, 1st king of the Bubastite 22nd dynasty[blb eans greedy of fine linen blb. Rehoboam: "a people has enlarged". Solomon's son. At war with Jeroboam King of the Northern tribes all his days, began his reign about 40. Shemaiah: 'heard by Jehovah' [blb]

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Jehoram,(Judah) People: Children of Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: none listed/ presumably Hazael, see 2Chronicles 22:5-6. People: The Philistine Army and the Arabians near the Ethiopians
Object of the Battle	The object of this battle is both clear and oblique: scripture notes that God "stirred up" the enemy's spirit to come against Jehoram, the bloody, brother-murdering King. Jehoram's object is the defense of his household and kingdom; the philistine's and Arabian's object is the overthrow of Judah, which they accomplish. The object of God in the battle is the Chastisement of a bloody assassin who had by violence obtained the thrown: blood begat blood.
Strategies of the Battle	The Arabians and Philistines come to Judah and brake into it. 2 Chronicles 21:17 They carry away all the substance of the King's House vs 17 They take away the King's sons and wives: this is not only a spoil but a demoralizing nemesis. The youngest son is left.
Place of the Battle	Judah, and the King's House in Judah
Intelligence	None directly is mentioned: these are traditional long-term enemies of Israel: the Philistines had trouble Israel since the time of Canaan: it is interesting that they are still around and troubling Jehoram at this point, because in David's reign; they were largely suppressed : this is one of the last times the defined Philistine armies come against Israel[Judah].
Results of the Battle	The King's House is robbed. All the substance of the King's house is taken. Jehoram's wives are taken Jehoram's Children are taken except for the youngest, Jehoahaz, a direct and equal retribution for his killing of his brethren to ascend directly to the throne, Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and [divers] also of the princes of Israel 2 Chronicle 21:4 The King, Jehoram contracts a fatal disease. In 2 Chronicles 22, it is noted that his son who takes reign, visits him. Judah, though still stands.
Reward	Spoil of the house of King Jehoram Wives of Jehoram for the Philistines/Arabians Children of Jehoram save one for the enemy
Spiritual Implications	As in the previous wars involving Jehoram, the curse of retributive violence remains with him. The wonder is that Jehoram does not lose his life for the murder of his brothers in the ascent to the throne. God however keeps alive the one true Judaen King in his violence, but troubles his house and goods, and in the end even his body with an illness. "And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease" 2 Chronicles 21:18. The trueness and perfection of God is paradoxically kept along with His perfect Justice. God both keeps the line of Judah by protecting an evil King in the line, He keeps pure the line of Messiah from the house of Judah, He keeps Judah standing while the House of the evil King is destroyed, and requites death for death of those killed who were also His people. Violence begets violence "He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword". The taking of a throne by violence and deceit results in constant affliction to the Kingdom. The proverbial and literal walls came down.
Implications for Faith	Martin Niemoller and other Christians at the end of WWII in the Stuttgart Confession noted that we choose to be a part of either the Holy Spirit or the Spirit of 'force and retailiation'. The Spirit of 'force and retailiation' only ever wins through deceit, fraud, cunning and brute force: it prevails for a while and then inevitably leads to destruction progressively. Unless God is in a thing, the desire and accomplishment of a goal by force is often achieved, but plagued by a lowering of the spiritual 'fences' which keep us protected: it is not always God directly that 'punishes' [although this usually comes also] but our own actions that tear down our defense: if we push someone out of the way in a murderous spirit to get what they have or be what they are, it is not surprize if we are met in our achievement with those who do the same. Often the recompense is as bad or worse than what we did ourselves: Jehoram is the perfect example of this : while he was in the line of Judah, he murdered his brothers for complete control: his result was battle after battle and constant betrayal, with a miserable life ending in some sort of bowel disease. He won the throne but in name only: he lost everything he thought he would gain and have by the murder of his brothers. Moral: You may win in the world by appearances, but never against God or His ways or will. The Philistines and Arabians were 'stirred up' by God: God loved Judah but stirred up their enemies for a season to chastise a vile King. He will keep His promises even while chastising us: but when we tear our own fences down, it is foolish to ask God why he allows the harm that we ourselves allowed in. We need to distinguish between a real reward that God gives which lasts without encumbrance, and the 'gifts' we demolish others to give to ourselves: which were never really ours to begin with. The latter causes only pain suffering and destruction, the former causes blessing and peace.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteOnly one son is left to the Household of Jehoram, Jehoahaz. Jehoram means Jehovah gives strength.Note: There is a Jehoram who is the son of Ahab, and a Jehoram who is the son of Jehosephat. This Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, marries a daughter of Ahab but proceeds to do wickedly because of the ways of Ahab. Judah was not supposed to walk in the ways of the Kings of Israel. Jehoahaz means "Jehovah has seized and is the same person named Ahaziah. There are two other Jehoahaz's: one was the son of Jehu, in the Northern Kingdom of Israel and one was the son of the good King Josiah in Judah. Difficulty and confusion come from the same name given to sons of different Kings in different Kingdoms.

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Joash, King of Judah, 7 years old at beginning of reign, reigned 40 years; son of Zibiah of Beersheba (mother) and Ahaziah (see note) Jehoiada, High Priest who guided Joash in his youth. People: Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King of Syria, Hazael [2 Kings 12:17] King of Damascus is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 24:23 as receiving the spoil. People: Armies of Syria
Object of the Battle	Joash as a young man under Jehoiada's guidance is a good King who repairs "the breach of the Temple", and sets worship right in Israel. When Jehoiada dies, 2 Kings reports that he failed to walk in God's ways, but 2 Chronicles is more explicit and holds him accountable for again allowing Baal worship and and the stoning and martyrdom of Zechariah who decries his actions. 2Ch 24:20 And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the LORD, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the LORD, he hath also forsaken you. 2Ch 24:21 And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the LORD. This is the REASON for God allowing the Syrians to transgress Judah's borders. OBJECTThe Object of the battle for Joash and Judah is the defense of its borders and People. The object for Syria is the spoiling of Judah, which they have attempted in the Northern Kingdoms before: Benhadad, of Syria is foiled by Ahab and the Northern Kingdoms in I Kings 20 (see above).
Strategies of the Battle	The Host of Syria comes up against them, to Judah and Jerusalem The Host of Syria spoils the Princes of the People Spoil is taken and sent to King of Damascus
Place of the Battle	Judah and Jerusalem
Intelligence	None specifically given: Zechariah warns Joash later in his career after Jehoiada the Priest dies, that his allowance reinstatement of Baal worship is wrong and will harm. Zecariah is stoned to death for the warning upon which the Syrian armies invade. It is a prophetic 'intelligence' from God that is ignored and the prophet trampled on which brings Judah's fences down, and Syria marches in. 2Ch 24:24 For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men, and the LORD delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash.
Results of the Battle	The Princes of the People are Taken Syria defeats Judah, at least in part. Spoil is taken Joash's servants in retailiation for the death of the sons of Jehoiada, who had raised Joash like a father, slay him in his bed.
Reward	Princes of Judah taken captive Spoil of Judah sent to Damascus Joash dies by his own servants' hands. (It is interesting to note that while Judah and/or Israel are occasionally spoiled by 'goyim' Kings, neither Judah nor Israel fall until the Babylonian and Assyrian captivities respectively indicating severe chastisements and opportunity for repentance before destruction and judgment.
Spiritual Implications	The turn to idolatry and false worship is alway chastised or severely punished in scripture: but the zenith of arrogance here is that Joash, initially lauded for his restoration of the Temple and the ways of God upon the holy advice of Jehoiada, who brings tithes and offerings back to the Lord's house, after Jehoiada's death fall to his own carnal nature like most of the other Kings and seeks to set back up false worship. 2Ch 24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them. 2Ch 24:18 And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass. Joash is warned adamantly that Judah is destroying its own prosperity by these actions. Turning away from God may destroy our prosperity--see implications for faith. The disloyalty of Joash is phenomenal: he alone was left alive after Athaliah slew her grandchildren. Raised by a kind and loving Priest, the moment Jehoiada dies, he not only turns and allows the false ways, but has or allows Zecariah to be killed: his disloyalty and lack of love are rewarded by a swift spoiling of Judah, and the very Princes which instigated the false worship. While the beginning of Joash is nothing but good, it is apparent is was mostly due to the ruling influence of the older priest: when Jehoiada dies, Joash's actions are deemed so reprehensible, including not only not heeding the Word of God through prophecy, but also the killing of the prophet. So destructive and abhorrent are his ways in the end, that he is not buried with his fathers, and is given to disease. The ones who slew him and overthrew him were: Zabad the son of Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess
Implications for Faith	Even a good start in faith can be all but erased by a bad end. When a person walking in faith and the ways of God turns from God, sometimes even in despite of God or the things of God, the judgments on that person can be grand and awful. It is in part because it damages the Name of God for his servants to turn away and creates greater disbelief than if they had never known Him or His Ways. Joash was fickle once Jehoiada was gone. When we in horrible injustice fail to see the hand of God at work and turn instead our wrath on God for 'not doing things our way', or allowing us liberties that destroy us, we start to see God either as 'unfair', 'unjust' or random. Often when the most horrible things on earth happen to His Children, his servants, there is a tendency to want to escape from God, e.g. Jonah, to Tarshish , or Elijah running from Ahab. Those servants though, turned and repented: Joash, the King who turned people back to God, in the end openly allows the turning away from God and will not repent even with prophetic warning. Disloyalty is rewarded with disloyalty. Joash had been graced with everything including life admidst the slaying of his brothers, instead he turns to slay and be disloyal. When we are disloyal, we can not be surprised at the consequences reaped in our own lives. Fences are let down with idolatry. Idolatry today is anything that comes in between us and our complete allegiance to God.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	note2 Kings 11 & 12: Parallel passages: Joash/Jehoash Joash, or Jehoash [name means "given by the LORD"]BLB was the youngest child of Ahaziah, whom when Athaliah slew the rest of his children upon his death was the one who escaped. Joash or Jehoash is the 8th King of JUDAH, and not to be confused with the King of the same name who is the 12th King of the Northern Tribes of Israel and son of Ahab. 2Ki 14:1 In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel reigned Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah.

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: King Ahaz: twenty at beginning of reign, reigned 16 years. allies with Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria People: Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: Kings of Edom and the Philistines People: Edomites, Philistines
Object of the Battle	Judah was being embattled on many borders: the following are mentioned: cities of the low country, and of the south of Judah, and had taken Bethshemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages all of these the philistines and taken and occupied. Ahaz calls on the King of Assyria:Tilgathpilneser The object and people of this war are slightly confusing: Ahaz seeks an ally with Tilgathpilneser, of Assyria, but when he arrives after receiving gifts from the House of God, which Ahaz should not have given, he distresses instead of greatly aiding Ahaz. The object of this more obtuse series of embattlements is the defense of Judah, against the encroaching philistines, Edomites and then partly the allies -turned-thorn-in-the-side, Assyria. It is actually the Lord who has brought Judah low so that her enemies encroach, because of the great sins of Ahaz. (note: Ahab and Ahaz are 2 different Kings).
Strategies of the Battle	Ahaz makes the following gifts: 2Ch 28:21 For Ahaz took away a portion [out] of the house of the LORD, and [out] of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave [it] unto the king of Assyria: but he helped him not.
Place of the Battle	south of Judah, and the cities mentioned above: Judah.
Intelligence & Prophetic Warning	none directly mentioned. Ahaz actually does the opposite expected of him: instead of seeking God or his prophets, he robs the House of God to buy the help of the Assyrian King, known from history to be rather dreadful.
Results of the Battle	Tilgathpilneser distresses Ahaz and Judah even further. No results are given regarding the encampment of the Philistines or Edomites: Ahaz continues to do wrong: he builds the high places, he sacrifices to the gods of syria and Damascus. No good changes occur for Judah: they are still distressed on every side, only the distress of Assyria is added.
Reward and spoil	For the Edomites: captives of the children of Judah For Judah: a spoiling, false worship and establishment of every false god Ahaz runs into. (all of Chapter 28) Tilgathpilneser gains treasures from the House of God from the King'sand Princes houses. They distress Judah and do not help.
Spiritual Implications	Judah under Ahaz hardly stood a chance: he was one of the worst Kings Judah ever had, although Hezekiah, his son proved later far better. The following sins are listed to Ahaz's credit: Walked in the ways of the kings of Israel vs 2 Made molten images for baalim 28:2 Burnt his children in the fire Burnt incense on the high places, hills and under every green tree (pagan worship) Sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus trusted the gods of the King of Syria because they had won Cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God vs 28:24 Sut up the doors of the house of the Lord Placed altars in every corner of Jerusalem. 28:24 His sins of idolatry were so great that he was not buried in the sepulchre of his fathers: vs 27. Ahaz, embattled throughout his 16 years, on all borders instead of turning to the living God, runs after every possible superstition, and even tragic "magic" that he can find: he even burns his children in the fire, a pagan practice of sacrifice to the gods in the hope that he will find grace and favor in battle. The result is the opposite: the kingdom is embattled, shattered and begins to fall apart. Instead of even then turning to the prophets or the God of Heaven, he turns to foreign King's gods who are winning military victories, and even to a foreign King believing he will win the war for him. Instead, he ends up with even more distress and opposition. He troubles his own house and reaps the whirlwind.
Implications for Faith	When everything in a country or life begins to fall apart, there are no easy fixes or pat solutions: one must turn, repent and beg God for Mercy and Grace. It must be done HIS way, though, not through cursory, showy prayers. Running to every easy solution, or to those who seem to be "winning" is not a solution---we see an analogy today in those who seek out every 'self-help' organization, book or tv show or tapes, looking for a 'magic' wand that will fix what is wrong and bring peace back in our lives. Only God has solutions for each unique happening in our lives: principles may help but will not solve and heal.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	notex

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Manasseh: 12 yrs old when he began to reign, reigned 55 years. People: Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King of Assyria People: Host of the King of Assyria
Object of the Battle	Manesseh like Joash, but very much moreso brought back idolatry, the high places and even infant sacrifice to the gods. He, like Joash was warned, but Manasseh, rather than starting well appears to have been evil from the start. Upon the ignoring prophetic warning, the defense of his people is laid low. vs 11. 2Ch 33:11 Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. OBJECT: The object was the defense of Judah and Jerusalem, but they did not succeed: the King of Assyria suceeded in taking Manesseh captive. God's objective was in bringing back a wayward King.
Strategies of the Battle	No specific strategies are mentioned: there is a direct assault by Assyria and Manesseh is "bound among the thorns and put in fetters". Reasons for downfall and lack of defense: Manesseh turned Judah to severe idolatry, and Failed to heed God's warning. 2 Chr 33:1-10 The Real Battle of Manesseh vs the King of Assyria is AFTER he is taken in captivity: He -Seeks the Lord -Humbles Himself in Captivity -Pleads and Intreats the Lord,:Prays. The result is God's restoration of a humbled and changed King back to his place in Jerusalem as King of Judah.
Place of the Battle	Judah and Jerusalem Captivity of Manesseh is in Babylon: 2 Chronicles 33:11
Intelligence	The only intelligence is divine: the LORD apparently sends a warning to Manesseh regarding the turning away of Israel to false worship, which is utterly ignored and brings the defense of Israel down.
Results of the Battle	The physical battle is won by the King of Assyria and his armies in verse 11, by carrying away Manesseh captive to Babylon in affliction. The ultimate spiritual battle is first lost by Manesseh in the introduction of false worship and idolatry followed by ignoring the Word of God in that generation, but is later won by Manesseh who in affliction and torment and captivity finally turns and pleads with the LORD, who releases his captivity and restores him to the reign over Judah. 2Ch 33:13 And prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he [was] God.
Reward	The reward initially to Assyria is the capture of the King of Judah The Latter Reward to Judah after the spiritual battle is won is: Restoration of King Manesseh from Babylonian Captivity The building of a great wall around Jerusalem The building up and fortifying of the city of Jerusalem The increase of "national security": "captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. " 33:15: The taking away of false gods, idols and false altars. The Restoration of the House of God and true worship 33:16 The Restoration of obedient sacrifice The turning back of Judah to serve the Lord God only.
Spiritual Implications	Manesseh, if his captivity had not occurred would have turned to being a completely evil King, giving Judah over to idolatry completely. Though afflicted and 'embarrassed' at the captivity of the King of Judah, it served as a pivotal point in an almost complete revival of true worship in Judah. Judah even more than The Northern Kingdoms of Israel had to stay pure in the things of the Lord: it was from Judah that Messiah would come and Judah since Genesis 49:10 was noted as the governor and ruler of the Jews: it could not turn back forever in the perfect plan and sovereignty of God. Like many of the Kings, tolerance of false worship often to appease factions or even wives of foreign kings, crept into Judah and Israel slowly taking over the true worship of God. More than once God bring's severity to bring back straying children. In 33:16, the great and deadly effect of idolatry is seen: even after the captivity of their king and his miraculous restoration; even after the completed return to the House of God, the ways of God and the excellence of God, parts of Judah still continued their false worship and wrongful altars. Idolatry is so insidious, that while the gods of idolatry have no power nor their ritual, the habit and practice of false worship is demonic and controlling: it will not easily let go and requires real prayer and repentance, otherwise the temptation returns. The reason idolatrous and ritualistic practices infuse their way into the hearts of even believers is that it is 1) Simple and requires little on the part of the idolator, 2)Gives a sense of religion without sacrifice, and 3) gives a false sense of security: it maintains a false self-righteousness that people use to substitute for the true worship of God. The turn of Judah through Manesseh required a hard lesson and trial: captivity by a brutal King is second only to death: but the cost resulted in deep and real repentance and prayer. A proud King had to be humbled. Prayer, Humility and Seeking God, brought back restoration of both the King and the Kingdom, with real, though in the end not perfect change of heart (among the people).
Implications for Faith	Never ignore the warnings of God through His Word or His people The fortifying of God's people takes place first in repentance, heart change, intreaty and prayer. Release from any form of Captivity, especially when it benefits Israel or the House of God, is in God's hand, and may be intreated.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	notex

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The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader:Jehoram People: Children of Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King of Edom mentioned, presumably, King of Libnah People: Libnah
Object of the Battle	Libnah will not be mentioned here except briefly: it is covered essentially in the war of Jerhoram vs Edom. The same time [also] did Libnah revolt from under his hand; because he had forsaken the LORD God of his fathers. The Reason Libnah revolted at the same time of Edom was: Jehoram forsook the God of his fathers by bring back idols, after God gave him a victory. He built the High Places again He caused " the inhabitant of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and forced Judah to. "2 Chr 21:11 Libnah had the same problem with Jehoram that Edom did: they remembered the consequences of idolatry and leaving the ways of God: however, in turn, they rebel out from under the rule of Judah in opposition, which is the second part of the despised sin of Jeroboam. This war is essentially the same as Jehoram vs Edom. .
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteBLB: Libnah was a levitical city of the Jews and a Canaanite Royal City. It is also mentioned in wilderness wanderings. In Joshua 21:13 it is mentioned as a City of Refuge. The name is translated as "pavement"

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: King Amaziah of Judah (and Benjamin); reigned at 25, reigned for 29 years in Jerusalem (vs1); Mother:Jehoaddan People: Children of Benjamin & Judah Armies: Captains over thousands and hundreds; 300,000 over 21 through a conscription A mercenary Army of 100,000 from Israel, paid 100 talents of silver; who eventually did not fight, but spoiled part of Judah. 2 Chronicles 25:6,7
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King of Edom People: The Men of Edom from Mt. Seir
Object of the Battle	To subdue Edom by might Defense of Judah by offense
Strategies of the Battle	Amaziah employs a 'conscription': 300,000 men over the age of 21 2 Chronicles 25:5. Amaziah sets Captains over sectors of 1000 soldiers Amaziah sets Captains over sectors of 100 soldiers Amaziah hires another 100,000 'men of valor' from the Northern tribes of Israel as mercenaries, although these do not actually go into battle in obedience to God's Word. Edom is met frontally in the valley of Salt: 10,000 slain, 10,000 taken then killed. Mercenary soldiers of Israel fall upon the cities of Judah taking 3000 slain and spoil
Place of the Battle	Valley of Salt: Main Battle Samaria to Bethoron: the cities warred against by the mercenary army when they were not given work.
Intelligence	The Main "intelligence" as in many wars is divine. A prophet comes to Amaziah upon the hire of 100,000 men of might and valor from the Northern Tribes: He warns the King who is described in 25:1 as not of a perfect heart, that God cannot bless Judah in battle because Israel, the Northern 10 tribes is not blessed because of idolatry and division. Amaziah, having already paid an enormous amount of money inquires of the prophet regarding the money and cost if the mercenary israelites do not go: the Prophet replies that it is far better to obey God and not worry about the amount of money lost, than to bring along a 'curse' of idolators. Says the prophet, 2Ch 25:9 And Amaziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do for the hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel? And the man of God answered, The LORD is able to give thee much more than this.
Results of the Battle	Upon the strengthening of Judah and Benjamin and the structuring of the Army, Judah under Amaziah meets Edom and the Children of Seir and kills 10,000. Judah takes 10,000 Edomites captive, leads them up the mountain and pushes them off: And [other] ten thousand [left] alive did the children of Judah carry away captive, and brought them unto the top of the rock, and cast them down from the top of the rock, that they all were broken in pieces II Chronicles 25:12. Mercenary soldiers of Israel fall upon the cities of Judah taking 3000 slain and spoil
Reward	Safety for Judah and Benjamin Defense by natural Might of Judah and Benjamin No spoil directly mentioned. Mercenaries who turn on Judah after failed hire, take spoil of the cities of Judah and 3000 killed. The false gods of the Edomites are mentioned as being brought back, which is an offense to God: Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the children of Seir, and set them up [to be] his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense unto them.
Spiritual Implications	The prophet who gave counsel to Amaziah going into the war against Edom now gives counsel to Amaziah, which he does not ask for, warning him of the uselessness of the idols, which did not save Edom. Amaziah rebukes his counsel, and the prophet notes that Amaziah's destruction is near at hand. Instead of heeding the prophet after the great victory against the Children of Seir, the King goes again to implore the King of Israel for aid and alliance. He seeks a marriage (See: Amaziah vs Joash) for alliance, but is scoffed at. The ill-sought alliance instead of trust in God results in the destruction of Amaziah and the spoiling of Judah. The Main battle is won in great natural strength, but implicitly because Amaziah at first trust the Word of God through the Prophet. He 'comes out of the world' and divorces the already hired israelite mercenaries and at great expense. Though initially great in obedience, the faltering heart and trust later ruin his reign. Note again that the plan of God is not ruined and Judah is not completely overtaken until Babylon and Nebuchanezzar come in, but Judah suffers and Amaziah loses his reign because of the very sin which made the Edomites lose to him: idolatry and the trusting in sinful men instead of God. Notable here also is the structuring of the Army under Amaziah: it is one of the clearest examples of explicit ordering of the armies of Judah. The hierarchy is similar to Moses' ordering of the justice/government of the Children of Israel in the desert when the administration of justice to all Israel becomes too much to bear. The army in addition to being obedient here, is strong in the flesh, and utterly organized, and under clear command. This allows the quick and great victory.
Implications for Faith	The warning and prophecy of God through one of His men is no small thing: obedience to the Word means victory: disobedience results in failure, defeat and ruin, and ignoring the Word is no different than outright disobedience. The pattern of clear organization and leadership with companies and leaders in a hierarchal pattern is of the Lord and works even in the natural. It was successful in the desert, in Canaan and in battle. It is the pattern our legal system is based upon, and in accord with Holy Spirit led and New Covenant defined order and leadership in the Church may provide wisdom for larger congregations. Idolatry today is perhaps not only towards 'icons' or idols {or angels!}, but toward anything that replaces God as first in heart, time and attention. {even time: do we watch TV more than stay in the Word or serve the LORD?} and yet any form of idolatry and disobedience, or failing to heed God's direction may result in our 'shipwreck'. We do not have to pray and pray for God's will if the issue at hand is already made clear in the Word ("thou shalt not steal"): this means simply, "Thou shalt not steal": it does not mean under some circumstances. It is not God's will to steal, kill and destroy: that is the will of the enemy of the soul. It leads to the destruction of the one who steals or kills as well as their victim. On the other hand, humbled repentance and obedience leads to the blessing of both and the House of God. A win is not conquering, or as one song says 'a victory march', but surrender and obedience. Relying on men for aid and help is like relying on the wind: it is ethereal and changing. Relying on God brings victory.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteAmaziah: the name means: Jehovah is Mighty: father of Uzziah, son of Joash. Other Amaziahs in scripture include: a priest under Jeroboam II, a levite singer in David's day, and a member of the tribe of Simeon, these of course of distinct persons from the King of Judah here. [BLB]

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Uzziah, reigned at 16 for 52 years; son of Jecoliah and Amaziah Other Leaders: Jeiel the Scribe, Maaseiah, the ruler, Hananiah, one of the King's Captains vs11. People: Judah
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: Kings of Philistines and Arabians People: Philistines & Arabians Mehunims (ammonites are mentioned only as giving gifts to Uzziah)
Object of the Battle	Protection of Israel Strengthening and rebuilding of Israel. Defeat of the Philistines, Arabians and Mehunims: also, the ruin of their offensive capabilities, The Prosperity of Israel
Strategies of the Battle	Word of the Strength of Israel (300,000 men) went out throughout 'Asia' down even to Egypt. vs 26:8: this kept some enemies at bay or even bringing gifts such as the Ammonites. Israel strengthened: army built up from time of Amaziah through a draft of those over 21. (II Chronicles 25:5) Breaks the walls of Jabneh and Ashdod and Gath Uzziah sets up settlements amongst the philistines at Ashdod. Builds towers in the desert Digs wells for livestock vs 10 Sets up "husbandry" programs: or large agricultural program.
Place of the Battle	Gath
Intelligence	He seeks the Word/wisdom of God through Zechariah who understands visions: "and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him to prosper". II Chr 26:5.
Results of the Battle	"God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gurba-al, and the Methunims". vs.7 The enemy is subdued. Peace and prosperity for Judah The eradicating of the enemy's defense : towers destroyed and settlements made to keep the land. Upbuilding of Army of Judah, desert places, and revitalizing of agriculture.
Reward	Peace, safety and prosperity for Judah. New territory for dwellings in Ashdod Fame for the strength and might of Israel. 2600 leaders led 307,500 The Defense and armament of Judah "And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host shields and spears, and helmets and habergeons, and bows, and slings to cast stones. And he made in Jerusalem engines, invented by cunning men, to be on the towers and upon the bulwarks, to shoot arrows and great stones withoal. And his name spread far abroad; for he was marvellously helped, till he was strong." II Chronicles 26:14-15
Spiritual Implications	While many of the "Wars of Israel" were won with fewer men than the enemy, sometimes far fewer, and great cleverness coupled with obedience to God, this war had two major elements; brute force and numbers in combination with the seeking of the Lord and the blessing of the Lord in their war against the Philistines, Arabians and Methunims. It is worthy to note that even with the massive strength that Israel had built and even with the very brilliant and Godly organization that Amaziah, Uzziah's father had left, Israel only profited and prospered when they obeyed and did not forget the LORD. After Judah returned from war, having seen the great victory and blessings of the LORD and the great defense of Judah, Uzziah , like his father turned from obedience and obeisance to God, and became more convinced of his own strength and importance rather than that of God. Uzziah takes on the role of priest and enters into the temple to perform a sacrifice, which may only be done by a levitical priest. The High Priest, Azariah, follows him in with 80 other priests and remands and curses Uzziah, the King, crossing the boundaries of God's will and defiling the Holy Place: Uzziah is immediately smitten with leprosy, the biblical sign of sin. This leprosy lasts till his dying day, and while he is buried with his fathers, it appears that he may be buried in a secondary, purchased land of the Kings, perhaps due to his leprosy. Why is it so critical that a national leader, even in the theocracy of Israel not enter into the Temple and perform a priest's duty? Because the order of God in worship and belief is as important as his order in nature and the elements: e.g. if the 'order' and nature of an atom or molecule were not kept consistently, the world wouldn't last long. Likewise, God sets an order in the Temple, the Church and the Family: when his order and sequence are followed, there is blessing and peace, and when it is not followed, chaos and dissarray. We see this constantly in life today: congregation members attempt to 'overthrow' the pastor or make decisions in his place, or a wife or child tries to overrule the headship of the father. What results is contention, division and potentially destruction: this was the sin of Jeroboam. Only in Israel did a theocracy work: but even then, it had to follow God's order. When governmental forces attempt to override, overrule or overthrow decision-making processes in the Church , the results can be deadly, or so weaken and redefine the Church to the point it is no longer the house of God, even when there is a righteous cause. The very sad thing today is that corruption in the Church leads to righteous intervention by non Church sources because of even real crimes, weakening the ability of the Church to remain a separate entity and estate.
Implications for Faith	The seeking of the LORD through his prophet Zechariah brought protection and blessing Trust in the LORD is important both when there are great numbers with you and when you stand alone: it is the main thing Even a great victory in the LORD can be defeated or forgotten by subsequent turning back. The government does not belong in the role of priest. Separation of Church and State is taught here on both a spiritual and legal level. This does not preclude the righteous arrest of criminals abusing the house of God. Victory over an enemy is almost always impossible without the blessing and guidance of the LORD, especially if you are His.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteUzziah reigns longer than most Kings in Judah at 52 years, beginning at 16. Uzziah means "the strength of Jehovah" BLB. This Uzziah, son of Amaziah, is also called "Azariah". There are others in scriptures which are NOT the same Uzziah/Azariah such as a Kohathite Levite in the line of Samuel ; a priest of the sons of Harim among those giving up a foreign wife in Ezra; a Judaite, father of Athaiah (Uthai), and a father of Jehonathan, David's overseer. {See Blue Letter Bible, Notes}

The Lord's People & Leaders	Leader: Jehoshaphat of Judah and Jehoram in Samaria of Israel King of Edom joins defense against Moab 2 Kings 3:9 People: Armies of Judah and Israel
The Enemy's People & Leaders	Leader: King Of Moab: Mesha, a sheepmaster People: Moab
Object of the Battle	The defense of Israel: unusual in its being the only alliance since the division in fighting a common enemy: the unity is both good and bad: good because it is 'kol' y'israel but negative because of the warning against alliances with the dividers and idolators. After an enormous gift in the reign ofAhab of 100,000 lambs and 100,000 rams, from Mesha of Moab to Israel, upon Ahab's death, Moab turns on Israel: the battle is to fight off and subdue Moab. 2 Kings 3:5
Strategies of them Battle	Jehoram numbers Israel 2 Kings 3:6.(Scripture counts this as sin) Jehoram of Israel seeks an alliance with Jehoshaphat of Judah to war against Moab: 2 Kings 3:7. Jehoshaphat replies: And he said, I will go up: I [am] as thou [art], my people as thy people, [and] my horses as thy horses. Both Israeli armies go up through the wilderness of Edom 2 Kings 3:8 to Moab. In Edom, they ally with the King of Edom, and a 7 day journey commences. The 3 Kings seek a prophet for the direction of God: the prophet is Elisha the Tishbite, son of Shaphat. 2 Kings 3:11. Elisha, the obedient prophet does not want to prophesy for Israel because of the "sins of Jeroboam" but seeks the Lord on the behalf of Judah, which is his role: he directs the King of Israel, Jehoram to seek his own gods. ( 2 Kings 3:14) Elisha requests music. 3:15. and prophesies victory. The Strategy for victory appears to be God's alone: when Moab sees the water turn red, they assume the Kings have fallen to one another in war, and are deceived into thinking they can take them: The armies of the 3 allied Kings are instructed to: smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones. Meat offering sacrifice is made before the battle by Israel/Judah/Edom in 3:20.
Place of the Battle	the valley near a River, near Kirharaseth 3:25.
Intelligence & Prophetic Utterance	There is no direct "military" intelligence, because Moab threatens Israel directly: the intelligence here comes in the form a prophetic utterance of Elisha, the 'successor' of Elijah. There is a promise of water in a dry valley, and victory in god's way: the prophecies are fulfilled. And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Make this valley full of ditches. For thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not see wind, neither shall ye see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts. And this is [but] a light thing in the sight of the LORD: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand. 2Ki 3:19 And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones. 2Ki 3:16- 2Ki 3:18
Results of the Battle	The Results of this battle in large part involve the fulfillment of prophecy: The dry valley of Edom, the morning after the prophecy is filled with water. 2 Kings 3:20. This is for the replenishment and restoration of the armies and cattle. (they were instructed to dig ditches when the land was parched, and were obedient) 2 Kings 3:16. Moab arms itself and comes to the border to battle 3:21; and in the morning sun thinks they see blood on the water (the blood is wrath to the enemies of God) Moab preceeds "to the spoil believing the Kings are dead 3:23. Israelites "rose up and smote the Moabites". Moabites flee before Israel Israel pursues across the Moabite border to 'smite' the rest of the Moabites. 3:24. the Israelite Army fulfills the prophecy of Elisha: they: beat down the cites, ruin good land by casting stones on it Stop the wells Fell the trees the slingers 'smite' Kirharaseth. an attempt is made by the King of Moab which fails to take 700 swordsmen against the King of Edom, but the plot fails. 3:26 the King of Moab, Mesha takes his son, his successor and offers him to false gods for a burnt offering on the wall: Israel returns to their own land.
Reward	The subduing of Moab The replenishment of the armies the death of the Moabite successor. Safety and Return for Israel: no casualties for Israel are mentioned.
Spiritual Implications	The are many wonder allusions to the ways of God in this war which requires a miracle of God, in which the enemyperceives false information. The most wonderful is that the morning sun brings a vision of blood on the water to the enemy: blood and water are not obscure references, the Holy Spirit and the blood of the Redeemer are the constant protection of Israel: the protection and grace to Israel is wrath to Israel's enemies: they see the Blood, the light and the Water (anointing) as a sign of defeat: they think Israel and Judah are dead: their attack is fatal not to Israel but to them. An interesting early note: Elisha is reluctant to prophesy on behalf of the disobedient Israel: he is sent only to Judah. Since the King of Judah makes the request though, Elisha requests/requires music to aid in coming into the presence of God. When surrender and obedience to God are the key goals in even a war, within the will of God, there is victory. The order of events that aid in this victory are: 1)seeking unity, 2)Seeking God through his Prophet/Word 3)Obedience to God, 4)Sacrifice to God, upon which God does a wondrous work in Israel for Judah. The victory comes not through man's efforts but through God's alone, and not only cloud the thinking and vision of the enemy, but prophectically show in type and kind the Blood, the Water and the Spirit protecting all of Israel. This area is also where the future battle of Edom-Bozrah takes place, a fore-battle to Armaggedon. The elements of the Blood, Water and Holy spirit are again present on Golgotha, and implicitly at the 'baptizo' of Christ: he is the sacrifice, the Holy Spirit falls, He is the blood on the water later in the River Jordan beyond Bethbara: the Messianic Sign that God's grace and protection has come to Israel.
Implications for Faith	Even personal wars and battles are won by the seeking of God, the Blood of the Lamb, and the Holy Spirit. Prophesy alone is not enough: it must be obeyed and surrendered to. Music of the Lord was recognized even by one of the greatest prophets (of Galilee) to bring one into the presence of God and prepare the heart for the Word of God, prophetic utterance and the worship of God. What is protection and grace to the believer or Israel is often seen as wrath and horror to the enemies of God The unity of Israel would have been a very good thing in God's eyes if the Northern tribes had repented of their division and idolatry and rebellion: instead they merely seek the help of their fellow tribes of Judah and presumably Benjamin. Therefore, the victory that was brought about was only through Judah, not Israel though they appear forefront in the 'carnal' aspects of the battle. Elisha only prophesied and sought the Lord on the behalf of Judah, it benefited Israel, but they were still in disobedience. Unbridled and undiscerning unity is not a goal or a grace in and of itself: it must be accompanied by obedience: likewise an "ecumenism" with unbelievers of those with false worship is not blessed of God just because of 'unity': it must be accompanied by an end to the rebellion against the teachings and ways of God.
Cross-references & Other Critical Facts	noteJehoshaphat means: Jehovah has judged. BLB; He is the son of Asa, reigns 25 years and recognized as a 'good' king. There is another Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi and Jehu's father of Israel NOT JUDAH. and another minor figure under David and Solomon, and a priest under David's reign ; the name also indicates possibly the Kidron valley, a valley of judgment running between Jerusalem and the Mt. of Olives: while Jerusalem is momentarily separated from her King.

Judah's GloryJG Bible StudiesWars of Israel